Looking after pets

Responsibilities of owning a pet

When you own a pet, you have a legal duty to look after and care for it. You must make sure it:

• has a proper diet, including fresh water

• has somewhere suitable to live

• is exercised appropriately for its needs

• is kept with or away from other animals, depending on its needs

• is allowed to express itself and behave normally

• is protected from, and treated for, illness and injury.

If you don't look after a pet properly, you could be fined, sent to jail or banned from owning animals.

If your pet causes noise problems, for example by barking for long periods of time, there are steps your neighbours can take. If you don't resolve a noise dispute with your neighbour, they can report you to the local council. Read more about noise disputes with neighbours. 

You can get advice about diet and exercise from the person or shop that you bought the animal from, or from the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SSPCA).

There are guides for looking after your pets on the Blue Cross website. You can also find animal welfare codes that give detailed guidance to help you look after your dog, cat or rabbit on the Scottish government website.

Microchipping of dogs

All dogs over 8 weeks old must have an identity microchip, unless a vet has said the dog is unfit to be microchipped because of health problems. Microchipping aims to ensure the dog's welfare and promote responsible ownership.

Dog owners must register their details in a database and keep this information up to date. If a dog owner doesn't register, their dog can be microchipped at their expense and/or they might be fined. Read more about microchipping on the mygov.scot website.

Pet insurance

Caring for a pet involves getting help from a vet from time to time, for example for routine health checks or because the animal has had an accident or is ill. There are many pet healthcare schemes which can save you a lot of money on vets’ bills if your pet becomes ill.

If you're on a low income, you might be able to get help with healthcare from the local People’s Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA).

There's information about choosing pet insurance from the Money Saving Expert website.

Finding a vet

Registered vets

All vets must be registered with the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. This is the professional body responsible for vet registration and the standards, ethics and discipline of the vet profession.

You can search for a registered vet on the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons website.

Most phone directories list the names and addresses of local vets. Pet shops might also be able to give you information about vets.

If you're unhappy with the service provided by a vet, there are steps you can take. Read more about complaining about a vet.

If you're on a low income

If you can't afford vets' charges, you might be able to get help from an animal welfare organisation like the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA).

Help looking after your pet

There might be times when you're temporarily unable to look after your pet. For example, if you're ill, going into hospital, escaping domestic abuse or are homeless. If there's no one you can ask to look after your pet for you, a number of charities might be able to help. You could also ask your vet for advice.

If you're admitted to hospital or placed in a local council residential care or nursing home, your local council has a duty to take care of your pet. You might have to pay for any costs of temporary shelter for your pet.

Useful organisations

The Pet Fostering Service Scotland (PFSS) can help with emergency short-term care of a pet for anyone who's temporarily unable to look after their pet due to ill health, homelessness or domestic abuse. They might also be able to help if somebody is sent to prison and can no longer look after their pet.

If you need a temporary home for your pet and can't afford boarding fees or any other care, the PFSS will try to help. The service relies on volunteers who have been through an assessment process to look after the pet in their own home.

The Cinnamon Trust has volunteers who give help such as walking a dog for an owner who can no longer do so. It offers a pet fostering service for a pet whose owner goes into hospital and provides long-term care for a pet whose owner has died or moved into accommodation that doesn't accept pets. The trust has a register of pet-friendly care homes and sheltered housing schemes.

The People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA) is a charity that offers free and cheaper services to eligible pet owners who get certain benefits.

Dog-walking services

Sometimes you might need to use a dog-walking service because your circumstances have changed. Most dog-walking services are run as commercial businesses. Dog walkers must observe the laws on dog fouling and keeping control of a dog.

In some local council areas, there might be more regulations about where a dog can be walked and how many dogs can be walked at one time. Check your local council for any local regulations about dog-walking services.

If you can no longer look after your pet

If your circumstances change and you can't look after your pet, it's an offence to abandon an animal, and you could be jailed or fined if you do so. If there's no one you can ask to take over the care of your pet, the following charities offer specialist rehoming services.

The Scottish Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (SSPCA) is Scotland's animal welfare charity. If you can't look after your pet, the SSPCA might be able to help find your pet a new home.

Blue Cross offers a Home Direct Scheme, which rehomes pets directly from one home to another. It also operates the Pets into Care Scheme for people who are worried that their pet will outlive them.

If you're worried about your pet outliving you

You might be worried about what will happen to your pet if it outlives you. If there's no one you can ask to take care of your pet if you die first, the Pets into Care Scheme run by Blue Cross might be able to help.

Find out more about the Pets into Care Scheme on the Blue Cross website.

Travelling with pets

If you're going abroad, you might be able to take your pet with you. The country you're visiting will have its own rules about quarantine and vaccinations. To find out more, you should contact the country's embassy or consulate. You can find contact details of embassies and consulates in the UK on the GOV.UK.

Read more about pet travel to Europe from 1 January 2021 on GOV.UK.

Horse passports

You must have a horse passport for every horse, pony or donkey that you own. You must have the passport by 31 December in the year of its birth or 6 months after it was born, whichever is later. If you're selling or destroying a foal, you might have to get the passport earlier than this.

You have to keep the passport with the horse whenever it travels. This could be to the vet, to a competition or to sell it.

You can find out more about horse passports on the Scottish government website.

Making sure your pet is looked after while you're away

You'll need to make sure your pet is looked after if you go away, for example on holiday or to hospital for a long time. If a family member, neighbour or friend can't help look after your cat or dog, you could contact a local kennel or cattery.

It might also be possible to use the services of a pet minder who will look after your pet in your own home while you're away. You might be able to find details of these in your local phone directory, or ask your vet, local dog walking or community group for recommendations.

Find out more about how to plan for your pet to be looked after when you're on holiday on the Blue Cross website.

Dangerous pets

You need a licence to keep an animal that can cause injury or damage, for example a poisonous snake or an alligator. You can get a licence from the local council's environmental health department. It can refuse to give you a licence if it doesn’t think you're capable of controlling the animal or you're not providing suitable escape-proof accommodation. Read more about dangerous wild animals.

Dangerous dogs

It's an offence for a dog to be out of control in any place. If you keep a dog to protect your home, you don't have to put up a warning notice about it, but if the dog attacks someone, you could be prosecuted for having a dangerous animal. A court can order a dog to be muzzled, kept on a lead or destroyed.

The local council can issue you with a dog control notice if your dog is out of control. The notice can have conditions that have to be met. If your dog injures someone, they can make a claim against you for compensation, even if you're not prosecuted.

If you have a trained guard dog protecting business premises, there should be clear notices warning that guard dogs are on the premises, and the dog should be under the control of a dog handler or securely tethered.

XL Bully dogs

It’s a criminal offence to keep an XL Bully dog without a valid certificate of exemption. Applications for certificates of exemption have closed. New exemptions can only be granted by a court order. 

It's also an offence to:  

• have an XL Bully in public without a lead and muzzle 

• breed or breed from an XL Bully  

• sell, give away or rehome an XL Bully  

• abandon an XL Bully or let it stray. 

If you break these rules, you could be fined up to £5,000 or sent to prison for up to 6 months, or both.

If you own an XL Bully with a valid exemption, you must:  

• have third-party public liability insurance for your dog 

• make sure your dog has a microchip and is registered on a database 

• arrange to have your dog neutered. 

You must also keep the dog at the same address as the certificate holder and in secure conditions so it cannot escape. 

You must tell the Scottish government if:  

• you have your dog neutered  

• you permanently change address  

• your dog dies or is exported.  

You can contact the Scottish government about XL Bully dogs at:  

You can read more about the rules for XL Bully dogs in Scotland on mygov.scot.